Sie ist die Hauptstadt des Bundesstaates New South Wales.Hauptstadt von Australien ist Canberra. Many areas of the city bordering bushland have experienced bushfires, which tend to occur during the spring and summer. [274] Its manufacturing output of $21.7 billion in 2013 was greater than that of Melbourne with $18.9 billion. [369] The population of Sydney is now highly educated. [430] Dams were built on these three rivers between 1907 and 1935. [71] Having arrived on the Royal Yacht Britannia through Sydney Heads, Her Majesty came ashore at Farm Cove. [266] The Australian Securities Exchange began operating in 1987 and with a market capitalisation of $1.6 trillion is now one of the ten largest exchanges in the world. [275] The Smithfield-Wetherill Park Industrial Estate in Western Sydney is the largest industrial estate in the Southern Hemisphere and is the centre of manufacturing and distribution in the region. Actual suburbs and localities that are considered to be in the Hills District can be somewhat amorphous and variable. Randwick's 'Collaboration Area' has a baseline estimate of 32,000 jobs by 2036, according to the Greater Sydney Commission.[159]. Sydney is the state capital of New South Wales and the most populous city in Australia and Oceania. Governor Lachlan Macquarie made an effort to found a culture of formal religion throughout the early settlement and ordered the construction of churches such as St Matthew's, St Luke's, St James's, and St Andrew's. Nearly 40 per cent of Sydneysiders speak a non-English language at home. At the 2011 census, 2.4% of Sydney residents are enrolled in a TAFE course. [155] More than 75% of neighbourhoods in the Electoral District of Wentworth fall under the top decile of SEIFA advantage, making it the least disadvantaged area in the country. [386] From 1930 there were 612 buses across Sydney carrying 90 million passengers per annum.[395]. [48] Between 1788 and 1792, convicts and their jailers made up the majority of the population; in one generation, however, a population of emancipated convicts who could be granted land began to grow. [433] Water is collected from five catchment areas covering 16,000 square kilometres (6,178 square miles) and total storage amounts to 2.6 teralitres (0.6 cubic miles). [53], Conditions in the colony were not conducive to the development of a thriving new metropolis, but the more regular arrival of ships and the beginnings of maritime trade (such as wool) helped to lessen the burden of isolation. [78], The Sydney Basin bioregion includes coastal features of cliffs, beaches, and estuaries. [341] Multiple digital channels have been provided by all five networks since 2000. [222] Public housing in Sydney is managed by the Government of New South Wales. [247] The Financial and Insurance Services industry accounts for 18.1% of gross product and is ahead of Professional Services with 9% and Manufacturing with 7.2%. A new skyline of concrete and steel skyscrapers swept away much of the old lowrise and often sandstone skyline of the city in the 1960s and 1970s, with Australia Square being the tallest building in Sydney from its completion in 1967 until 1976 and is also notable for being the first skyscraper in Australia. [69] The population continued to boom despite the Depression, having reached 1 million in 1925. For the local government area, see, Capital of New South Wales and most populous city in Australia, Environmental issues and pollution reduction. [10] Sydney has some of Australia's best shopping, and the Blue Mountains are about two hours' drive away to the west. [216] Green bans and heritage overlays have been in place since at least 1977 to protect Sydney's heritage after controversial demolitions in the 1970s led to an outcry from Sydneysiders to preserve the old and keep history intact, sufficiently balancing old and new architecture. Und wer auf die andere Seite möchte... überquert die bekannte Harbour Bridge.Sie wird übrigens auch Kleiderbügel (coat hanger) genannt (allerdings wird dieser Spitzname immer seltener genutzt).. Neben dem Opernhaus (übrigens in direkter Nachbarschaft) ist die Harbour Bridge DAS Wahrzeichen Sydneys. Sydney ist die älteste und mit mehr als 4 Millionen Einwohnern auch größte Stadt von Australien. Sydney ist die pulsierende Hauptstadt und die größte Stadt Australiens. [184][185][186], In 1814 the Governor called on a convict named Francis Greenway to design Macquarie Lighthouse. The inhabitants of the area were the Garigal people. (2009). Far from mass unemployment, there were now labour shortages and women becoming active in male roles. [140], The CBD extends about 3 kilometres (1.9 miles) south from Sydney Cove. Coetzee's Diary of a Bad Year (2007) and Kate Grenville's The Secret River (2010). The City2Surf is an annual 14-kilometre (8.7-mile) running race from the CBD to Bondi Beach and has been held since 1971. [41], The earliest British settlers called the natives Eora people. [234] It is regarded for its well-preserved records of indigenous habitation and more than 800 rock engravings, cave drawings and middens have been located in the park. [358] The Parliament of New South Wales sits in Parliament House on Macquarie Street. [371] There are 935 public preschool, primary, and secondary schools in Sydney that are administered by the New South Wales Department of Education. Sydney … CQUEnglish Language Centre in Sydney is located on level seven of our CQUniversity Sydney campus in the heart of the vibrant and culturally diverse Central Business District (CBD). Sydney started in 1788, when the Captain Arthur Phillip brought the First Fleet to settle in Australia. 4.2 out of 5. Nine's offices and news studios are based in Willoughby,[338] Ten and Seven are based in Pyrmont, Seven has a news studio in the Sydney CBD in Martin Place[338][339] the Australian Broadcasting Corporation is located in Ultimo,[340] and the Special Broadcasting Service is based in Artarmon. Green, D., 1973. An Analysis of Multiyear Measurements", "Special Climate Statement 43 – extreme heat in January 2013", "Southern Annular Mode: The climate 'influencer' you may not have heard of", "Special Climate Statement 71—severe fire weather conditions in southeast Queensland and northeast New South Wales in September 2019", "The 10 Sydney regions most exposed to bushfire risk", "The Sydney suburbs in bushfire danger on a day of 'catastrophic' conditions", "Sydney future: high temps, erratic rain", "Commuters in Sydney and eastern NSW brace for erratic weather", "The latitude of the subtropical ridge over Eastern Australia: TheL index revisited", "District Plans | Greater Sydney Commission", "Update on restrictions – effective midnight 30 December", "The largest shopping centres in Australia", "Ultimo and Pyrmont: a decade of renewal", "Business-friendly boost for Oxford St lane way", "Parramatta light rail to connect communities", "Eastern City District Plan | Greater Sydney Commission", "The 10 most expensive streets in the world", "Labor, Greens, Howard's battlers: Explore the politics of disadvantage", https://gsc-public-1.s3.amazonaws.com/s3fs-public/forecasting_the_distribution_of_stand_alone_office_employment_across_sydney_to_2035_bis_shrapnel_2015_08_0.pdf, https://gsc-public-1.s3-ap-southeast-2.amazonaws.com/s3fs-public/eastern-district-plan-0318.pdf, Sydney’s new light rail is now open from Circular Quay to Kingsford, "Sydney's light rail one year behind schedule", "Liveable Sydney: The lower north shore's suburbs ranked by liveability", National Regional Profile: Northern Beaches Sydney, "Boothtown Aqueduct Aqueduct Valve House No 1 & 2", "Featherdale beats Opera House to claim major tourism award", "Westfield Has 44 Shopping Centres Across Every Major Metropolitan Market", "World Heritage Committee approves Australian Convict Sites as places of importance", "National Heritage Places – Old Government House and Government Domain, Parramatta", Prospect Hill | NSW Environment & Heritage, "Chronology of styles in Australian architecture", "A short history of the Australian Museum", "Sydney houses are so 'severely unaffordable', it's cheaper to buy in New York", "How Sydney house prices compare with other global cities", "Australia's house prices are now in free fall", "Sydney waterfront public housing properties to be sold off", "Sydney Housing Ratio 14 Times Annual Pre-Tax Salary", "A public housing terrace in Sydney sold for a staggering $2.2 million above reserve", "This $13 million Sydney property is the most expensive terrace in Australia", "Ku-ring-gai Chase National Park history", "Ku-ring-gai Chase National Park heritage", "Hyde Park plan of management and masterplan", "Financial Centres of the World: Sydney, Australia", "The 25 most economically powerful cities in the world", http://www.sgsep.com.au/publications/gdp-major-capital-city-2015-2016, "NSW dominates creative industries: report", "Global connections: a study of multinational companies in Sydney", "Multinational companies regional headquarters", "Individual income | Greater Sydney | profile.id", "Housing prices in Australia: 1970 to 2003", "Residential property price indexes: eight capital cities", "A city's heart builds on a sense of place", "List of authorised deposit-taking institutions", "Sydney takes manufacturing capital crown from Melbourne", Don’t forget the Southern Hemisphere’s Largest Industrial Zone, "BEA – Business Events Australia Newsletter – March 2015", "Sydney named top destination in the world for international students", "Australian historical population statistics, 2006", "Australian historical population statistics, 2008", "Population projections, Australia, 2012 to 2101", "Booming Melbourne to become nation's largest city by 2026", "Why Sydney is on course to lose its status as Australia's biggest city", "Regional population growth, Australia, 2011 to 2012", https://quickstats.censusdata.abs.gov.au/census_services/getproduct/census/2016/communityprofile/1GSYD?opendocument, http://www.censusdata.abs.gov.au/CensusOutput/copsub2016.NSF/All%20docs%20by%20catNo/2016~Community%20Profile~1GSYD/$File/GCP_1GSYD.zip?OpenElement, "How big is the Lebanese community in Australia? [200] The Queen Victoria Building was designed in Romanesque Revival fashion by George McRae and completed in 1898. It has been announced that a new facility named Western Sydney Airport will be constructed at Badgerys Creek from 2016 at a cost of $2.5 billion. [411] Furthermore, the city also has the highest usage of public transport in an Australian city, at 27%–making it comparable with New York City, Shanghai and Berlin. The 2000 Summer Olympics were held in Sydney and became known as the "best Olympic Games ever" by the President of the International Olympic Committee. [377] The Prince of Wales Hospital was established in 1852 and became the first of several major hospitals to be opened in the coming decades. [276], Sydney is a gateway to Australia for many international visitors. Hunters Hill and Gladesville are often also considered as being part of the Lower North Shore. The indigenous people of Sydney held totemic beliefs known as "dreamings". Sydney the oldest, biggest, and most beautiful of all Australian cities, lies amid a seductive intermingling of land and sea. Sydney Theatre Company maintains a roster of local, classical, and international plays. It links the Inner West and Darling Harbour with Central station and facilitated 9.1 million journeys in the 2016–17 financial year. Maps from this time show no prison buildings; the punishment for convicts was transportation rather than incarceration, but serious offences were penalised by flogging and hanging. [254], The labour force of Greater Sydney Region in 2016 was 2,272,722 with a participation rate of 61.6%. The One Central Park development, completed in 2013, is an example of this implementation and design. Sydney [ ˈsɪdni] ist die Hauptstadt des australischen Bundesstaates New South Wales und mit rund 5,312 Millionen Einwohnern (Stand 2018–19) die größte Stadt in Australien (Stand 2016). Terrace houses are found in the inner suburbs such as Paddington, The Rocks, Potts Point and Balmain–many of which have been the subject of gentrification. Early Sydney was moulded by the hardship suffered by early settlers. The Government has announced plans to sell nearly 300 historic public housing properties in the harbourside neighbourhoods of Millers Point, Gloucester Street, and The Rocks. When Britain declared war on Germany in 1939, Australia also entered. Sydney is home to nine of the sixteen teams in the National Rugby League competition: Canterbury-Bankstown Bulldogs, Cronulla-Sutherland Sharks, Manly-Warringah Sea Eagles, Penrith Panthers, Parramatta Eels, South Sydney Rabbitohs, St George Illawarra Dragons, Sydney Roosters, and Wests Tigers. The Sydney Uni Flames play in the Women's National Basketball League. [167] Toongabbie is noted for being the third mainland settlement (after Sydney and Parramatta) set up after the British colonisation of Australia began in 1788, although the site of the settlement is actually in the separate suburb of Old Toongabbie. Contemporary buildings in the CBD include Citigroup Centre,[207] Aurora Place,[208] Chifley Tower,[209][210] the Reserve Bank building,[211] Deutsche Bank Place,[212] MLC Centre,[213] and Capita Centre. Australian Travel Information. [430], The first genuine solution to Sydney's water demands was the Upper Nepean Scheme which came into operation in 1886 and cost over £2 million. John Verge's Elizabeth Bay House and St Philip's Church of 1856 were built in Gothic Revival style along with Edward Blore's Government House of 1845. It established three new courts, including the Supreme Court, and dictated that English law was to be followed. [394] It served routes covering 291 kilometres (181 miles). The National Institute of Dramatic Art is based in Sydney and has several famous alumni such as Mel Gibson, Judy Davis, Baz Luhrmann, Cate Blanchett, Hugo Weaving and Jacqueline Mckenzie.[327]. [34] As the busiest airport in Australia it handled 37.9 million passengers in 2013 and 530,000 tonnes of freight in 2011. [98][99][100] An average of 14.9 days a year have temperatures at or above 30 °C (86 °F) in the central business district (CBD). [336] Both papers have Sunday tabloid editions called The Sun-Herald and The Sunday Telegraph respectively. Radio became a popular tool for politics, news, religion, and sport and has managed to survive despite the introduction of television and the Internet. [289] It has been forecast that the population will grow to between 8 and 8.9 million by 2061. [141], Several localities, distinct from suburbs, exist throughout Sydney's inner reaches. The suburb of Cronulla in southern Sydney is close to Royal National Park, Australia's oldest national park. [43][48] Gold was discovered in the colony in 1851 and with it came thousands of people seeking their fortune. -Re reptiles of the outer north-western suburbs of Sydney. The Sydney Kings compete in the National Basketball League. For much of the 1930s up to one in three breadwinners were unemployed. In federal politics, Sydney was initially considered as a possibility for Australia's capital city; the newly created city of Canberra ultimately filled this role. The colonial settlements elsewhere on the continent eventually seceded from New South Wales and formed their own governments. It moved from George Street to Campbell Street to its current setting in Dixon Street in 1980. It has hosted over 2.8 million international visitors in 2013, or nearly half of all international visits to Australia. [223] Suburbs with large concentrations of public housing include Claymore, Macquarie Fields, Waterloo, and Mount Druitt. [15], Mercedes Benz Fashion weekend runs for two days every year and features runway shows by leading Australian designers. This makes them the oldest botanic garden in Australia. [115] The summer of 2007–08, however, proved to be the coolest since 1996–97 and is the only summer this century to be at or below average in temperatures. Luna Park Sydney is located next to the bridge. [7] As of June 2020, Sydney's estimated metropolitan population was 5,367,206,[8] meaning the city is home to approximately 66% of the state's population.[9]. [319] The first Australian-born female novelist, Louisa Atkinson, set various of her novels in Sydney. [26][266][271][272], Sydney has been a manufacturing city since the protectionist policies of the 1920s. Sydney Harbour Bridge. [221] Car dependency is an ongoing issue in Sydney–of people that travel to work, 58.4% use a car, 9.1% catch a train, 5.2% take a bus, and 4.1% walk. On the city harbour edge, the historic suburb and wharves of Millers Point are being built up as the new area of Barangaroo. [314] Contemporary art galleries are found in Waterloo, Surry Hills, Darlinghurst, Paddington, Chippendale, Newtown, and Woollahra. First played in Sydney in 1865, rugby grew to be the city's most popular football code by the 1880s. The development led to the release of the Metropolitan Air Quality Scheme (MAQS), which led to a broader understanding of the causation of pollution in Sydney, allowing the government to form appropriate responses to the pollution. Find out more . The Anzac Bridge spans Johnstons Bay and connects Rozelle to Pyrmont and the city, forming part of the Western Distributor. The percentage of trips taken by car has increased from 13% in 1947 to 50% in 1960 and to 70% in 1971. [38][39][40] He noted in his journal that they were confused and somewhat hostile towards the foreign visitors. Sydney Trains is the suburban rail service. In 1995 the Museum of Sydney opened on the site of the first Government House. Maguire, M., 'Atkinson, (Caroline) Louisa Waring', in R. Aitken and M. Looker (eds), Qantas Farewell Flight B747-400 Queen of the Skies - Sydney Final Flight QF747, Globalization and World Cities Research Network, agreed to form the Commonwealth of Australia, Jean-François de Galaup, comte de Lapérouse, Star Wars: Episode II – Attack of the Clones, Local government areas of New South Wales, New South Wales Division of Local Government, "3218.0 – Regional Population Growth, Australia, 2019–20", "Greater Sydney: Basic Community Profile", Geographical Names Board of New South Wales, "Complete official list of Sydney suburbs", "3218.0 – Regional Population Growth, Australia, 2016–17: Main Features", "Aboriginal history and the Gadigal people", "Manly Council – Manly Heritage & History", "Census 2016: Migrants make a cosmopolitan country", "The world loves Sydney. [12] In the 2016 Census, about 35.8% of residents spoke a language other than English at home. [277] 26,700 workers in the City of Sydney were directly employed by tourism in 2011. [38], Britain—before that, England—and Ireland had for a long time been sending their convicts across the Atlantic to the American colonies. Crime in Sydney is low, with The Independent ranking Sydney as the fifth safest city in the world in 2019. [354] Another act from the British Parliament in 1842 provided for members of the council to be elected for the first time. [37], The first meeting between the native people and the British occurred on 29 April 1770 when Lieutenant James Cook landed at Botany Bay on the Kurnell Peninsula and encountered the Gweagal clan. [179], Further to the southwest is the region of Macarthur and the city of Campbelltown, a significant population centre until the 1990s considered a region separate to Sydney proper. New industries such as information technology, education, financial services and the arts have risen. Find out more. [353] Several additions have been made to the building as the Parliament has expanded, but it retains its original Georgian façade. Construction of Sydney Tower Centrepoint shopping centre began in the late 1970's with the first 52 shops opening in 1972. Sydney Football Stadium was completed in 1988 and is used for rugby and soccer matches. Each of Australia's three commercial television networks and two public broadcasters is headquartered in Sydney. [169] Auburn Botanic Gardens, a botanical garden situated in Auburn, attracts thousands of visitors each year, including a significant number from outside Australia. Sydney spans two geographic regions. [42] The highest court in the state is the Supreme Court of New South Wales which is located in Queen's Square in Sydney. [352], Sydney benefitted from the construction of significant sporting infrastructure in preparation for its hosting of the 2000 Summer Olympics. 10) It was in the Guinness Book of Records for producing the longest line of pizzas at 221 metres in the Italian quarter of Leichardt. [2][273] Between 1970 and 1985 there was a loss of 180,000 manufacturing jobs. [371], The first hospital in the new colony was a collection of tents at The Rocks. The main passenger airport serving the metropolitan area is Kingsford-Smith Airport, one of the world's oldest continually operating airports. [54], Between 1790 and 1816, Sydney became one of the many sites of the Australian Frontier Wars, a series of conflicts between the Kingdom of Great Britain and the resisting Indigenous clans. [286] With convict transportation it almost tripled in ten years to 2,953. It had a period when it was known as an area of prostitution. Paul Robeson was the first person to perform at Sydney Opera House. 9) English, Arabic, Cantonese, Mandarin, Greek and Vietnamese are the main languages spoken in Sydney. Mag., 45, 251–60. Women were first allowed to participate in recreational swimming when separate baths were opened at Woolloomooloo Bay in the 1830s. [239] Its location was used for both relaxation and the grazing of animals from the earliest days of the colony. The highest point of the arch is 134 m (440 ft) tall. [301] One of the biggest crime related issues to face the city in recent times was the introduction of lock-out laws in February 2014,[302] in an attempt to curb alcohol fuelled violence. Seventy beaches can be found along its coastline with Bondi Beach being one of the most famous. Bus services today are conducted by a mixture of Government and private operators. [348] Yachting has been popular amongst wealthier residents since the 1840s and the Royal Sydney Yacht Squadron was founded in 1862. [385], The motor vehicle, more than any other factor, has determined the pattern of Sydney's urban development since World War II. [72] This prolific growth of contemporary high-rise architecture was put in check by heritage laws in the 1990s onwards, which prevent the demolition of any structure deemed historically significant. [203] This heralded a change in Sydney's cityscape and with the lifting of height restrictions in the 1960s there came a surge of high-rise construction. To the south of The Domain is Hyde Park, the oldest public parkland in Australia which measures 16.2 hectares (0.1 square miles) in area. [430] In 1977 the Shoalhaven Scheme brought several more dams into service.[431]. [363], In the past, the state has tended to resist amalgamating Sydney's more populated local government areas as merged councils could pose a threat to its governmental power. Its tracks form part of the New South Wales railway network. Es ist schwer zu glauben, dass Sydney noch vor 220 Jahren eine Strafkolonie war und aus einer beweglichen Ansammlung aus Zelten rund um die Sydney Cove (der heutige Circular Quay) bestand. [366] The City of Sydney is led by an elected Council and Lord Mayor who has in the past been treated as a representative of the entire city.[367]. The population is predominantly of a working class background, with major employment in the heavy industries and vocational trade. The year 1840 was the final year of convict transportation to Sydney, which by this time had a population of 35,000. [26][27] Established in 1850, the University of Sydney was Australia's first university and is regarded as one of the world's leading universities. [307] It remains Australia's oldest natural history museum. [308] Other museums based in Sydney include the Powerhouse Museum and the Australian National Maritime Museum. Two of the most successful tennis players in history: Ken Rosewall and Todd Woodbridge were born in and live in the city. The Greater Sydney Commission envisions a resident population of 1,338,250 people by 2036 in its Eastern City District (including the City and Inner West).